In this type of inflorescence the peduncle bears a terminal flower and stops growing. In such cases, the arrangement of flowers is Centripetal, i.e., the oldest flowers towards the periphery and the youngest ones towards the Centre. B1. It is further divided into 3 types based on growth pattern of main axis. Required fields are marked *. This type of inflorescence is a condensed form of dichasial (biparous) cyme with a cluster of sessile or sub-sessile flowers in the axil of a leaf, forming a false whorl of flowers at the node. This type of inflorescence is known as sympodial cyme as found in some members of Solanaceae (e.g., Solanum nigrum). Spikeletes are arranged in a spike inflorescence which is composed of several to many spikelets which are combined in various manners on a main axis called the rachis. The flowers are small and are known as Florets. Simple inflorescence. Examples: Caesalpinia (peacock flower), Iberis amara (candytuft) Spadix in Anthurium . Various types of compound inflorescences met within angiosperms are: In some inflorescences, the daughter axes are extremely reduced and are crowded in many groups. Angiosperm - Angiosperm - Inflorescences: Inflorescences are clusters of flowers on a branch or a system of branches. The lemma is the lower, outer bract of the floret. In determinate (cymose) (b) Helicoid Cyme: Successive daughter axes are developed on the same side, either right or left, forming a spiral, e.g., in Begonia and some Solanaceae. Examples: Cauliflower B2. Each floret has at its base a lemma and palea. The stalk of the individual flower of the inflorescence is called the pedicel. Inflorescence The arrangement of flowers on floral axis or peduncle resulting in formation of groups is called inflorescence. It may be terminal or axillary. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Cette disposition, dont le motif s'apparente à une fractale, est souvent caractéristique dune famille, par exemple le spadice des Aracées, et lui a parfois donné son nom : l'ombelle est l'inflorescence typique des Ombellifères (aujourd'hui Apiacées), le capitule celle des Composées (aujourd'hui Astéracées). Corymb: In this type of inflorescence peduncle is short with pedicellate flowers. A flower is present terminally on the main axis. The palea (also known as superior palea) often with two longitudinal ridges (keels or nerves), stands between the lemma and the rachilla. Racemose Inflorescence Based on Flattened Main Axis: Capitulum: In this type of inflorescence the main axis becomes suppressed, flat and the flower becomes sessile i.e without talk so that they can make crowded patterns together on the flat surface of receptacle. The stalk of the lower flower is longer than younger upper flowers. The young flowers are present in the center of the receptacle while the older ones toward the periphery. ), latjira (Achyranthes aspera), etc. The florets are arranged in a centripetal manner on the receptacle, i.e., the outer flowers are older and open earlier than the inner ones. A capitulum or head is characteristic of Asteraceae (Compositae) family, e.g., sunflower (Helianthus annuus), marigold (Tagetes indica), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). The following points highlight the six major types of inflorescence. 3) Hypanthium. b) onion. ), oak (Quercus spp. When the main axis of raceme is branched and the lateral branches bear the flowers, the inflorescence is known as compound raceme or panicle, e.g., neem (Azadirachta indica), gul-mohar (Delonix regia), etc. Also known as spike of spikelets. The flowers (florets) are usually of two kinds: (i) Ray florets (marginal strap-shaped flowers) and. All the flowers appear at the same level. In this type of inflorescence, you can see the peduncle modified in narrow cup-like structure. When the main axis is branched in a corymbose manner and each branch has flowers arranged in corymbs, it is known as a compound corymb. The flowers are borne in a … Others include: Cyathium Verticillaster Hypanthium What Is Racemose Inflorescence? Axillary inflorescence; Intercalary inflorescence. Disclaimer Copyright, Share Your Knowledge
(With Methods)| Industrial Microbiology, How is Cheese Made Step by Step: Principles, Production and Process, Enzyme Production and Purification: Extraction & Separation Methods | Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation of Olives: Process, Control, Problems, Abnormalities and Developments. Examples of how to use “cyme” in a sentence from the Cambridge Dictionary Labs (a) Scorpioid cyme: successive daughter axes develop on right and left alternately, forming a zigzag, as in Freesia. If the main axis of the inflorescence is branched and the branches bear flowers in the same manner as are present on the main axis, the inflorescence is called a compound Inflorescence. Uniparous cyme is of two types: Terminal inflorescence is one where the inflorescence develops on the tips of the main stem and branches. a) catkin. Generally the umbel is branched and is known as umbel of umbels (compound umbel), and the branches bear flowers, e.g., in coriander (Coriandrum sativum), fennel, carrot, etc. The examples are found in genus Ficus of Moraceae family, e.g., Ficus carica, F. glomerata, F. benghal- ensis, F. religiosa, etc. Privacy Policy3. What is the significance of transpiration? Spike: The main axis elongated bearing sessile flowers, as in Verbena, Bottle-brash. Here the peduncle (main axis) is short and bears many branches which arise in an umbellate cluster. The main axis of a racemose inflorescence is sometimes may be compressed and flattened into a disc, bearing a cluster of flowers on its upper surface. Types of Inflorescence . d) fig. In this inflorescence there is a cup-shaped involucre, often provided with nectar secreting glands. For example, the tomato may deliver simple individual flowers or inflorescences generally of the raceme or cyme types. The table given below shows the differences between these two inflorescences. Types of inflorescence in plants. This is also known as true cyme or compound dichasium. If we take a closer look at the cyme type, there can be simple cymes and dichotymously-branched cymes where the apex of the peduncle branches more or less equally into two. The capitulum (head) may also consist of only one kind of florets, e.g., only tubular florets in Ageratum or only ray or strap-shaped florets in Sonchus. Typical examples of compound umbel are—Daucus carota (carrot), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), etc. When the lateral axes develop successively on the same side, forming a sort of helix, the cymose inflorescence is known as helicoid or one-sided cyme, e.g., in Begonia, Juncus, Hemerocallis and some members of Solanaceae. Inflorescence, in a flowering plant, a cluster of flowers on a branch or a system of branches. In this, the axes are extremely reduced and the perianth leaves are completely suppressed. next. The oldest flowers develop in the centre and youngest towards the periphery of the disc, such arrangement is known as centrifugal. This type of inflorescence is found in Acacia, Mimosa and Albizzia. Compound Inflorescence: The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Special Types of Inflorescence: 1. In this plant the heads are small and one-flowered and are arranged together forming a big compound head. Some examples are acacia, albizzia. Your email address will not be published. This type of opening of flowers is known as centrifugal. 1. previous. Central axis stops growing and ends in a flower, further growth is by means of axillary buds. The flowers are arranged in groups or clusters, each of which is really a scorpioid cyme in which the main axis and the successive daughter axes have been reduced and the flowers are almost sessile. Ex: Callistemon. Here the main axis (peduncle) branches in a corymbose manner and each branch bears flowers arranged in corymbs. When a tadpole turns into a frog, its tail shrinks and is reabsorbed. In this type of inflorescence the main axis does not end in a flower, but it grows continuously and develops flowers on its lateral sides in acropetal succession (i.e., the lower or outer flowers are older than the upper or inner ones). c) mulberry. In this type of inflorescence the receptacle forms a hollow cavity with an apical opening guarded by scales. In this type of inflorescence the main axis (peduncle) branches repeatedly once or twice in racemose or cymose manner. Just above the glumes, there is series of florets, partly enclosed by them. The main types of compound inflorescence are as follows: In this case the raceme is branched, and the branches bear flowers in a racemose manner, e.g., Delonix regia, Azadirachta indica, Clematis buchaniana, Cassia fistula, etc. The oldest flowers are towards the base of the inflorescence and the youngest ones towards the apex. What are the characters Mendel selected for his experiments on pea plant? The examples are common in Palmaceae (Palmae) family. Besides, it is also found in Acacia and sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) of Mimosaceae family. In addition the whole inflorescence remains surrounded by a series of bracts arranged in two or three whorls. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. The type of inflorescence is characteristic of Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family. Inside the involucre, surrounding the stalk. Cymose Inflorescence 3. In this type of racemose inflorescence the main axis remains elongated and the lower flowers are older, i.e., opening earlier than the upper ones, as found in raceme, but here the flowers are sessile, i.e., without pedicel or stalk, e.g., amaranth (Amaranthus spp. Racemose Inflorescence 2. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a main axis (peduncle) and by the timing of its flowering (determinate and indeterminate). Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to share notes in Biology. The reasons are as follows: The individual flowers are quite small and massed together in heads, and therefore, they add to greater conspicuousness to attract the insects and flies for pollination. racemose and cymose. (iii) With the main axis flattened, i.e., capitulum or head. L'inflorescence (du latin inflorescere : fleurir) est la disposition des fleurs sur la tige dune plante à fleur. Besides, there is also a special type of inflorescence which fits into none of these groups. The arrangement axis is termed an inflorescence. Ex: Dolichos plant. Here the main axis (peduncle) remains branched in a racemose manner and each branch bears sessile and unisexual flowers. Each such branch bears a group of flowers in an umbellate manner. In this inflorescence a whorl of bracts forming an involucre is always present, and each individual flower develops from the axil of a bract. Some examples of Cymose inflorescences are shown here. b) arranged in acropetal succession. Here the flowers are borne on the inner wall of the cavity. Tn cymose inflorescence, the flowers develop in basipetal succession, i.e., the terminal flower is the oldest and … The inflorescence may be simple. Therefore, these are termed as special inflorescences. Examples include Salvia, Ocimum, Coleus etc. The main axis ends in a reduced female flower which is tricarpellary and syncarpous pistil, borne on a long stalk. (ii) Disc florets (central tubular flowers). From the main axil, lateral axil arises, on which flowers you can find the flowers. Types of Inflorescence This type is also called definite or determinate infloresence. The cymose inflorescence may be of four main types: (iii) Multiparous or polychasial cyme and. The inflorescence in which branching of the main axis or peduncle is racemose or cymose is called simple inflorescence. The involucre encloses a single female flower, represented by a pistil, in the centre, situated on a long stalk. The whole branched structure remains covered by a single spathe. Inflorescence is divided into two main types: Racemose: In racemose types of inflorescence, the main axis grows continuously and flowers are present laterally on the floral axis. Some of the common types of inflorescences are as follows: Spike: The flowers, which are with a very short or with no pedicel, are attached along the elongate and unbranched peduncle of the inflorescence (examples: plantain, spearmint, tamarisk). a) arranged in basipetal succession. The intercalary inflorescence is one that is borne at the internodes of the stem. It is easy to confuse the characteristics of the two types and consequently, it is vital you note their differences. When branching of the main axis or peduncle is either racemose or cymose, the inflorescence is known as Simple. The axillary inflorescence is one that originates from the leaf axils. c) umbel. (i) With the main axis elongated, i.e., (a) raceme; (b) spike; (c) spikelets; (d) catkin and (e) spadix. This is a modified spike with a long and drooping axis bearing unisexual flowers, e.g., mulberry (Moras alba), birch (Betula spp. It is of two types; viz. Simple Inflorescence A simple inflorescence maybe racemose or cymose according to the mode of branching. Ex: Croton plant. The main axis may be elongated, shortened, or flattened into a Therefore the classification of Racemose Inflorescence is based on the Development of the main axis and pedicels of the flowers. Also known as head of heads or capitulum of capitula. Example: Waxflower. This inflorescence is found only in monocotyledonous plants. Cymose Inflorescence: Cymose Inflorescence may be Uniparous, Biparous, or Multiparous. This is a question and answer forum for students, teachers and general visitors for exchanging articles, answers and notes. In this inflorescence the primary axis remains comparatively short, and it bears at its tip a group of flowers which possess pedicels or stalks of more or less equal lengths so that the flowers are seen to spread out from a common point. An inflorescence is actually a closely branching in most plants the flowers are borne in groups but in some, they occur singly and are called Solitary. This inflorescence (umbel) is characteristic of Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family. 4. The whole inflorescence is enclosed by one thick boat-shaped spathe. It may be branched or unbranched. Share Your Word File
The receptacle is surrounded at the base by overlapping bracts which form an Involucre. At the same time there is a considerable saving of material in the construction of the corolla and other floral parts. Cymose Inflorescence may be Uniparous, Biparous, or Multiparous. The type of inflorescence is characteristic of Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family. The two main types of inflorescence are racemose and cymose. In this type of inflorescence the growth of the main axis is ceased by the development of a flower at its apex, and the lateral axis which develops the terminal flower also culminates in a flower and its growth is also ceased. A single insect may pollinate flowers in a short time without flying from one flower to another. They are categorized generally on the basis of the timing of their flowering and by their arrangement on an axis. Inflorescence: Type # 1. Dans une inflorescence définie, … Typical examples, are—Ocimum, Coleus, Mentha, Leucas, etc. It never terminates into a flower and bears flowers in acropetal (growing upward from the base or point of attachment) The main types of racemose inflorescence are: Raceme: The main elongated axis bears stalked flowers. This is also a modification of spike inflorescence having a fleshy axis, which remains enclosed by one or more large, often brightly coloured bracts, the spathes, e.g., in members of Araceae, Musaceae and Palmaceae. 1. In raceme the flowers are. In such cases the peduncle is reduced or condensed to a circular disc. At the same time the peduncle produces two lateral younger flowers or two lateral branches each of which terminates in a flower. Each cluster of flowers in this type of inflorescence represents … Verticillaster: When flowers arise in the axil of bracts arranged opposite to each other. The central axis of the inflorescence (peduncle) possesses terminal bud which is capable of growing continuously and produce lateral flowers is called racemose inflorescence. All three types of flowers are … ... B. CYMOSE INFLORESCENCES: In this type of inflorescence the growth of main axis is stopped by the development of a flower at its apex. TOS4. The main axis of the inflorescence is called Peduncle. Types of Inflorescence 1. The stalk of the lower flower is longer than younger upper flowers. Flowers may occur singly, in groups, or in clusters. 3. The capitulum inflorescence has been considered to be the most perfect. b) spadix. Some are in compound spikes (i.e., in wheat—Triticum aestivum), others are in racemes (e.g., in Festuca), while some are in panicles (e.g., in Avena). Corymb: In this type of inflorescence peduncle is short with pedicellate flowers. In botany, a spadix (/ ˈ s p eɪ d ɪ k s / SPAY-diks; plural spadices / ˈ s p eɪ d ɪ s iː z / SPAY-dih-seez, / s p eɪ ˈ d aɪ s iː z / spay-DY-seez) is a type of spike inflorescence having small flowers borne on a fleshy stem. Inflorescence can be broadly classified based on the following: Number and position of flowers Sequence of flower development The nature of inflorescence branching However, the common classifications of inflorescence are Racemose and cymose. Old flowers are at the base and younger flowers and buds are towards the apex. Typical examples, are The flowers may be pedicellate (stalked) or sessile (without stalk). 3. Racemose is a type of inflorescence in which the main … Each male flower is reduced to a solitary stalked stamen. it again possess various sub-types. At the base of the cup, the female flowers develop while towards mouth the male flower develops. c) of separate sexes. Share Your PDF File
In the former case it becomes a compound raceme and in the latter case it becomes a compound cymose inflorescence. In this case many small heads form a large head. Each spikelet may bear one to several flowers (florets) attached to a central stalk known as rachilla. Yeast: Origin, Reproduction, Life Cycle and Growth Requirements | Industrial Microbiology, How is Bread Made Step by Step? Cyathium 5. The solitary flower may be Terminal, when it is borne at the tip’ of the main stern or of its branch as in Poppy, or Axillary, when it is situated in the axil of a leaf, as in Garden Nasturtium. E.g Delphinium (Larkspur, Raphanus (Radish), Mustard. It may be terminal or axillary in position. Racemose Inflorescence: Inflorescence: Type # 2. The third (Snow-in summer) and fourth (Stitchwort) are dichasial (two flowers at each node). The arrangement of flowers on a branch system is known as inflorescence.The inflorescence axis bearing the flower is known as peduncle and the stalk of individual flower is called pedicel. Example: thalis. Examples – Radish (Raphanus sativa), Mustard (Brassica compestris), Casia, etc. The simple inflorescence is of two types according to its mode of branching. The special type of inflorescence found in Ficus where the female flower are at bottom and male flower near ostiole and enclosed within a cup shaped fleshy thalamus (receptacle) with ostiole is called [BHU 2002; Manipal 2000] In this type of inflorescence the main axis or receptacle becomes suppressed, and almost flat, and the flowers (also known as florets) are sessile (without stalk) so that they become crowded together on the flat surface of the receptacle. Also known as umbel of umbels. After reading this article you will learn about: 1. Spikeletes are characteristic of Poaceae (Gramineae) or Grass family, e.g., grasses, wheat, barley, oats, sorghum, sugarcane, bamboo, etc. (ii) With the main axis shortened, i.e., (i) corymb and (ii) umbel. The flowers are unisexual; the female flowers develop at the base of the cavity and the male flowers towards the apical pore. When the lateral branches develop on alternate sides, forming a zigzag, the cymose inflorescence is known as scorpioid or alternate-sided cyme, e.g., in Gossypium (cotton), Drosera (sundew), Heliotropium, Freesia, etc. In such cases the main axis remains elongated and it bears laterally a number of stalked flowers. The flower is surrounded at its base by an involucre. The whole inflorescence looks like an umbel, but is readily distinguished from the latter by the opening of the middle flower first, e.g., Ak (Calotropis procera), Hamelia patens, etc. An inflorescence may be; simple, compound or of special types according to the mode of branching. Flowers and glumes are arranged on the spikelet in two opposite rows. There are three flowers; the oldest one is in the centre. Also known as spadix of spadices. Cymose inflorescence. Answer Now and help others. The various forms of racemose inflorescence may be described under three heads. mustard, radish, goldmohur etc. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed. The videos will have text , few examples and picture for students and teachers to get quick grasp of concept and supporting material to re-use. Racemose and Cymose Inflorescence | Botany, Inflorescence: Types and Special Types (With Diagram), Diversity in Modifications of Stems | Botany. Old flowers present at apex and young flowers at base. Share Your PPT File. 7. In this type of cymose inflorescence the main axis culminates in a flower, and at the same time it again produces a number of lateral flowers around. corymb Inflorescence composed of a main axis and laterally borne flowers with pedicels of unequal length, all ending at the same height. It bears sessile or sub-sessile flowers on it. 1) Raceme Here pedicellate flowers are present on peduncle. There is an arrangement of flowers in them is centrifugal i.e., the young flowers are towards the periphery and the older ones towards the center. This type of inflorescence is found in genus Euphorbia of family Euphorbiaceae; also found in genus Pedilanthus of the family. (a) Racemose inflorescence. The florets are crowded on the upper surface of the receptacle and while the inflorescence looks like a single flower. The usual structure of spikelet is as— There is a pair of sterile glumes at the base of spikelet, the lower, outer glume called the first, and the upper, inner one called the second. 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